[410] all his strength on the full development of one individual who is supposed to become an outstanding representative of the human possibilities in the future society. This is the humanistic^a education^b, and many of the great philosophers were teachers in aristocratic houses in which they had to perform this kind of education, and we have aristocrats like Montaigne and Shaftesbury, and others of France and England, who INDEED were representatives, of highest degree, of human potentialities. Now the second is the communication of the technical skills to everybody. Out of this

idea, which developed a little later than the Renaissance idea, with the rising democratic ideology, we have the concept^c of the universal public schools--not public schools in the sense of Great Britain, where it simply meant a school in which not only one teacher is in a house to teach the aristocrats, but the sons come together in institutes where you have to be announced a decade before your birth in order to be put in at all! Now this has very little to do with "public"--but in England, you must know that the word "public school" is the highest expression of the most aristocratic form of schools. But, like the other countries, they also introduced schools for everybody. And since the 18th century, for instance in Germany^d, everybody had to go to these schools. Why? What was the ideal of THIS education? I myself

went to such a real public school, where we were together with all workers, and agricultural laborers, and sons of craftsmen and small traders, etc., in a little town. What you first of all learn are technical skills: reading and writing, and beyond this, later on, also schools which bring you nearer to some of your later jobs, as labor or lower middle class people. But it was not only this. The school was also used in order to give some of the goods of culture. From the very beginning, an element of introduction was envisaged in these schools, for instance introduction into nature, the surrounding nature; an introduction into the national