Lecture XIV (Nr. 0158)
Facs
Transcript
[155] 2) Legendary stories. 3) Mythological expressions. In many cases it is impossible to separate these elements from each other. It is almost impossible to separate, let us say in the Genesis story, the legendary from the mythological, and to discover in the stories of the Patriarchs some elements of what we usually call historical. In the New Testament there are anecdotal stories (as one should call them, as the stylistic characterization) about Jesus. In most cases it is very difficult and even impossible to state definitely what is historical, what is legendary. But it is possible to find mythological elements in many places. The three elements can be distinguished in the following way. Historical are those which can be made probable, highly or lowly probable, by historical research, as events which couldn’t have been (ideally speaking) photographed, phonographed and psychographed. a ---where the meaning, the understanding of the meaning, of an event produces a kind of story which transcends, goes beyond, that which can be photographed and phonographed, where elements are involved which still remain in the realm of the temporal and the spatial, and the human, but which transcend the empirical historical reality. I talked a few months ago with someone who made inquiries into the figure of Washington and told me how, in all schools, legendary elements (of which the real historians know) are still told and taught. And I added, "Rightly so," because Washington is a symbolic figure as well as an empirically historical figure. And sometimes, not so much with national heroes but almost always in connection with religious figures, mythological elements come into the picture. Now b elements are elements in which that which is ultimate, divine, unconditional appears and acts in forms which are temporal, spatial, causal and determined by the categories of substance, quantity, quality, etc. Such mythological elements are stories of the gods, as the word mythos says. And such elements are in all religious thought. Now historical research has made it obvious that there is no way of getting, with more